Internal-combustion engine.



FINI. RITES, DECD. c. H. GALLAGHER, ExEcIIToR. INTERNALCOMBUS'TION ENGINE.

` APPLICATION FILED JAN-1711913. 1,178,181. Patented Apr. 4,1916.

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F. M. RITES, lDECD. f c. H. GAILAGIIEII, EXECUT0II. INTERNAL `CONIBUSTIO'N ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED IAN. I7, 19I3.

' Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

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gnvv/ntoz @HOM n C. H. GALLAGHER, EXECUTOR. INTERN/11. COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLlCAhTlON FILED JAN.'I. 1913- 11116111611 Apr. 4., 1916.

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FRANCIS IVI. RITS, OF SLATERVILLE SPRINGS', NEW YORK; CHARLES I-I. GALLAGI-IER, EXECUTOR OF SAID RITES, DECEASED, ASSIGNOR TO FERIE. CLAPP I RITES, OF ITHACA, NEW YORK, GUARDIAN OF MARION B. BITES.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. d, 1916.

Application tiled January 17, 1913. Serial No. 742,720.

To all whom 2'# may concern.'

- Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. Rr'rns, citizen of the United States, residing at Slaterville Sprin s, in the county of Tompkins and State o New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The obl'ect of my invention is to produce a. simplified form of internal combustion engine .particularly suitable for fuel, normally liquid, together with novelmeans for carbureting, vaporizing, atomizing and igniting said fuel.

Another object of my inventionis to construct the engine so that it will by novel means furnish a continuous supply of compressed air during its operation.

Another object of my invention is to store 20 the compressed air so furnished by the operation and use it for mixing with the hydrocarbon to furnish a combustible mix- .aliure at a high initial pressure.

' These and other objects of my invention V will be fully7 illustrated in the drawings, de-

scribed in the specification and pointed out `in the claim at the end thereof.

In the accompanying drawings, Figurel is a longitudinal vertical section of my improved engine taken on the line 1 -1X in Fig. 3.V Fig. 2 is a top plan view of my improved engine. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section taken on the line .3x-3X of Fig. 1. Fig. 4. is an end elevation of my improved engine, showing the valve operating mechanism. Fig. 5 is a. horizontal section on the line in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 6"--6x in Fig. 3.

1n the accompanying drawings like reference numerals indicate like parts.

f In the drawings reference numeral 1 inr dicates an engine which is provided with a crank case Y2'and the cylinder casings 3 and 4.' In the crank case is mounted to rotate the crank shaft -.having four crankstherein, one for each of the cylinders of the engine, these cranks being placed ninety degrees apart fromeach other, as is indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 3. On each, of the the other end. Each of these trunk pistons i ofthe engine.

4 is composed of a long plunger 7 of small cranksiis provided the connecting rod 6,-

a diameter and a short plunger 8 of large diameter. Each of these plungers operates 1n a lcylinder of' corresponding diameter, with which the plungers are adapted to make a steam or gas tight fit by means of packing rings. The plunger 7 operates in the cylinder 9 and the plunger 8 operates in the cylinderA 10. On the downward stroke of each of the pistons the plunger 8 operates to compress the air entrapped in the cylinder 10 below the plunger. For this purpose each of the cylinders l0 is provided at its lower edge with an admission valve 11 onone side and an exhaust valve 12 on the other side, it being understood that when the plunger 8 is on the upward stroke it will draw in air from the surrounding atmosphere through the admission valve, the valve 11 being lifted by the suction, and on the downward stroke the plunger 8 will compress the air so entrapped, closing the valve 11 andopening the valve 12 by the pressure, causing the mounted to operate the admission valve 16.`

This admission valve has the hollow stem 17 integral therewith, which stem passes through the cover plate 18 for the air chamber, making an air tight joint therewith. The stem 17'carries the collar 19 onv top thereof, with which collar the lever 20 engages for the purpose of lifting it. This lever is mounted to rock upon the pin 21 and has connected thereto at its opposite end the link 22, which link is connected to the crank 23 on the rock shaft 24. The rock shaft 24 has on the end thereof the crank 25 Eto which is connected the eccentric rod 26, which in turn is reciprocated by the eccentric or cam 27.' Similar valve operating A mechanism is placed upon the opposite side' Upon the shaft 24 isaiso placed a second vcrank 28 which is connected by similar gear to the admissio-n valve of the Inext adjacent poses. i tained under such a pressure and tempera-- l cylinder, the crank being placed or timed so ture 'that when it .is admitted tothe cylinder,

\or ignition chamber it will explode, and ignite, due -to the rapid expansion of its more volatile ingredients. .This feature however constitutes Vno part of this-inven in the cylinder head'to regulate the airin. .takefand vcoperates with the 'seat 32 on'the 25l tion, asl it is 'disclosed and claimed in c I ciLlSlng 'Stlll further increase 1n the volume other. application.l

` .The-valve-l' coperateswithl the seat 31 l bailleplate' 83; to regulate lthe'hydr ocarbonintake. The' baie 'platev 33* is illustlfated in Y.

these 'openings'34- communicates on one side with. the auxiliary burner 35. by lwhich .it f is heated, and on the ,other side. communicates with'the exhaust openingfbyfwhich the `mum heating and dissipating rodu'ctsof combustion fr om vthe auxiliary urner 3 5 are-carried away. .The auxiliary burner i consists of any convenientform of torch by which heatcan be generated and applied to thefinterirfofthe 'baiile plate.

Independent of the opening 34jarethe open-v ings 37 and 38 by which van explosive. or combustible charge is admitted from 'the valve toy the engine cylinder, fthefvarious discharges being arranged to secure the maxi# eifect on the charge from the baille plate. f f The engine is operated preferably.- asa two-cycle engine. The valves are sotime'd as to admit theexplosive for lcombustible I charge to the cylinder 'when the pistonisat the beginning ofthe stroke,'v.tl1e" valve re.- maining open and continuing to admit a". -charge as long as maybe desired. vI tw'ill be. understood that the charge is admitted with". an initial pressure which vis as highkas1nay be desired, and the combustion or explosion of vthe charge .begins as soon as a fre volatile or more explosive or the more rapid burning elements of the crude oil. For this A*reason the valve gear 4is so arranged as to cause the admission valve to remain open for a predetermined time during the forward stroke of the piston.

It will be understood that as the combustible mixture burns in the cylinder the product of combustion occupies a much larger volume than did theoriginal product. This in turn affects the quantity of the combustible mixture ,that must be vadmitted to the cylinder in order. to fill the cylinder and clearance 7g, up to the point of cut olf. After the cut 0H takes place the productsof combustion ex- .f pand driving the piston forward and' giving an indicator card whichis more like that of a steainengine than of the familiar card of 3Q the gas engine. It will also be understood that when the cut oil"l takes place the comb tion in the cylinder may not be completed', ,b(ut can continue during the forward stroke" of the-piston 'until (it is completed, 8 5

of gases in-the. cylinder, with corresponding increase 1n p oweror alarger area "of the card, vaccordingv to the grade' or kind yof fuel u Sed.v` v-f- 90 When/the piston has. completed its forwa'rdst'roke the continued rotation of the crank yshaftcarries the piston ion its. return .stroke andduring the return stroke the admission valveremains closed and the ex-.'95 -haust'valve 40 is lopened by the lever 41 mounted upon thelpin 42,' and voperated by the link 43-from the fcrank 44 which in turn is mounted on the shaft 45 and operated by the 'crank 46 'from 'the eccentric rod 47', 10o which-in turn-vis driven bythe eccentric or cam 48 mountedA on the crank shaft 5. The@V exhaust valve 40 communicates with-the ex-V haust pipe 50 by' which the burned gases ofjg? the englne are conveyed away,

The operation of my improved engine is as follows :v VThe torch'or burner 35l is ignited for the purpose `of heating the baffle plate 33.. When the. baiie plate. has been sui'l- 'I ciently-heatedthe engine is started. 4 The 11o upward stroke-of each -of the pistons sucks in a-charge of air'thereunder and the downward stroke-fof the piston compresses this "air andldischarges it into thestorage cylinder 13. This air -in turn is admitted to the `115 .cylinder by means ofthe admission valve 16,

which valve is raised the valve ge'ar here- .tofore described and which valve: also controls the admission of the fluid hydrocarbon.

'Both the air and the. hydrocarbonfarelrlo thrown into Contact with the heated'baiile v/ plate and pass into the' cylinder, combustion therein having -already' been begun. Thel forward stroke of the piston has in the f'n'ieantime been begun and-the combustion of 125 the chargecauses an expansion of the charge, ill'ing the cylinderand driving the piston before it. This expansion continues during the'forward'strokeof the piston and is added to as long as the admission valve remainsglSO open. The admission valve closes at a. predetermined point and when' the piston reaches the end of its strokethe exhaust valve is open and the exhaust then takes place during'thefforw'ard stroke of the piscut olf the pressure of admission will be high and the; engine must be built correspondingly stronger vin order to stand the increased -be correspondingly lower.v

strain, but the-engine will be correspond-y ingly more efficient., If a long ;cu't oil' is used the pressure. of admission will be correspondingly lower. The engine canfbe of lighter construction and the efficiency will It'will also be understood that the preliminary heating of the-baille platefis necinregular operation the natural heating of is adapted. to secure this result.

continued combustion will maintain itxsufr ficiently high in temperature and it will be seen 'from an inspection of the drawings that the shape and location of the baffle plate It will "also be"'understood that if l gas may be used. as fuel ormy engine inadmission desired stead of oil but in either case, the gas or oil bination of a casing vhaving two cylinders of mdifferent diameters arranged therein .in sevrries, a piston made up of two -plungers of adierent diameters arranged in serieS, the

` plunger of large dialneter having a large working surface on top and a reduced working surface on the bottom, said plungers be ing mounted to reciprocate in saidcylinders, 'a port at one end ofthe 'large cylinderfor admitting a combustible mixture, -meanscontrolling the admission of said mixture,

' means for igniting said mixture as it enters the cylinder', inlet land exhaust vvalves in the large cylinderadjacent to the small cylinder regulating the -flow. of air into and out of the large cylinder and aroundthe smallv plunger whereby said piston may be driven by the pressure 'on the'large working surface- Iessaryonly to start the engine. AfterwardA of the large plunger and caused to pump air with the reduced working surface' offthe Y j-la1 ge'}; lunger.

In testimonywhereof I afxmy signature ii-I'rns'.

in presence' o two witnesses.

LENA M. ASH, e Amon M. JoHANNs. 

